I-compact and robust all-solid-solid-mid-mid-infrared (MIR) i-laser kwi-6.45 um kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokukhupha amandla kunye nomgangatho osondeleyo we-Gaussian we-beam ubonisiwe.Amandla aphezulu okukhutshwa kwe-1.53 ​​W kunye nobubanzi be-pulse malunga ne-42 ns kwi-10 I-kHz iphunyezwa kusetyenziswa i-ZnGeP2 (i-ZGP) i-oscillator yeparametric optical (OPO)Umyinge womgangatho we-beam ulinganiswa ukuba yi-M2=1.19.
Ngaphezu koko, uzinzo lwamandla aphezulu luqinisekisiwe, kunye nokuguquguquka kwamandla okungaphantsi kwe-1.35% rms ngaphezulu kwe-2 h, kwaye i-laser inokuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-500 h iyonke. Ngapha koko, isiphumo somonakalo esibambiseneyo sihlalutywa ngokwethiyori okokuqala, ngokolwazi lwethu, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba le laser yeMIR inamandla abalaseleyo okukhupha, oko kuyenza ithathe indawo yee-electron lasers zasimahla.©2022 iQela loPapasho lwe-Optica

https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.446336

I-Mid-infrared (MIR) 6.45 um laser radiation ine-applications enokubakho kumasimi amayeza achanekileyo ngenxa yoncedo lwawo lomlinganiselo omkhulu wokulahla kunye nomonakalo omncinci wesibambiso Iilaser zeRaman, kunye ne-solid-state lasers esekwe kwi-oscillator yokubona iparamet-ric oscillator (OPO) okanye umahluko we-frequency generation (DFG) zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimithombo ye-laser eyi-6.45. I-laser yomphunga we-Strontium kunye ne-laser ye-Raman yegesi inokufumana iibhendi ekujoliswe kuzo, kodwa zombini zinozinzo olulambathayo, i-ser-short-.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-6.45 um i-laser ye-solid-state ivelisa uluhlu oluncinci lwe-thermal dam-age kwi-biological tissues kwaye ubunzulu bayo bokukhupha bunzulu kunobo be-FEL phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, eziye zaqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi. Inokusetyenziswa njengenye indlela esebenzayo kwii-FEL zokukhutshwa kwezicubu zebhayoloji 【2】. Ukongeza, iilaser zombuso oqinileyo zinezibonelelo zesakhiwo esibambeneyo, uzinzo oluhle, kunye

ukusebenza kwetafile yetafile, ibenza izixhobo ezithembisayo zokufumana umthombo wokukhanya we-a6.45μn.Njengoko kwaziwa, iikristale ze-infrared ezingabonakaliyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa rhoqo esetyenziselwa ukufikelela kwi-laser ye-MIR ephezulu. Ezi kristale zibandakanya uninzi lwe-chalcogenides, njenge-AgGaS2 (AGS) 【3,41, LiInS2 (LIS) 【5,61, LilnSe2 (LISe) 【7】 BGS8 】, kunye neBaGaSe (BGSe) 【10-12】, kunye neekhompawundi zephosphorus CdSiP2 (CSP) 【13-16】 kunye neZnGeP2 (ZGP) 【17】; ezi zimbini zokugqibela zineezalathisi ezinkulu ezisebenzisanayo. Umzekelo, Imitha ye-MIR inokufunyanwa kusetyenziswa i-CSP-OPOs.Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwe-CSP-OPOs zisebenza kwi-ultrashort (pico-kunye ne-femtosecond) isikali sexesha kwaye zimpontshwa ngolungelelwaniso malunga ne-1 um iimowudi ezitshixiweyo.Ngelishwa, ezi zimponthwe ngokuhambelana ne-OPO. Iinkqubo ze-SPOPO) zinolungiselelo oluntsonkothileyo kwaye zixabisa kakhulu.Amandla azo aphakathi angaphantsi kwe-100 mW malunga ne-6.45 um【13-16】.Xa kuthelekiswa nekristale yeCSP, iZGP inomonakalo ophezulu welaser thre.gcina (60 MW/cm2) , i-thermal conductiv-ity ephezulu (0.36 W/cm K) kunye ne-coefficient engafaniyo ne-nonlinear (75pm/V) . Ke ngoko, i-ZGP yeyona crystal igqwesileyo ye-MIR engangqameneyo yamandla aphezulu okanye aphezulu- usetyenziso lwamandla 【18-221.Umzekelo, umngxuma othe tyaba we-ZGP-OPO onoluhlu lwe-tuning ye-3.8-12.4 um emponthwe nge-laser eyi-2.93 um yaboniswa.Owona mandla aphezulu wepulse enye yokukhanya okungenamsebenzi kwi-6.6 um 1.2 mJ 【201.Ngobude obuthile be-6.45 um, i-maxi-mum single-pulse energy ye-5.67 mJ kwi-repetition frequency ye-100 Hz yaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa i-OPO ye-ring ye-non-planar esekelwe kwi-crystal ye-ZGP.Ngokuphindaphinda I-frequency ye-200Hz, i-avareji yamandla ephumayo ye-0.95 W yafikelelwa 【221.Njengoko sisazi, eli lelona gunya liphezulu liphunyeziwe kwi-6.45 um.Uphononongo olukhoyo lucebisa ukuba umndilili ophezulu wamandla uyimfuneko ekukhutshweni kwezicubu ezisebenzayo 【23】.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lomthombo we-laser osebenzayo we-6.45 um ingabaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni amayeza ebhayoloji.Kule Leta, sinika ingxelo elula, ecwengileyo-eqinile-yonke-imeko ye-MIR 6.45 um laser enamandla ophumayo aphezulu kwaye isekwe kwi-ZGP-OPO emponthwe yi-nanosecond (ns)-pulse 2.09 um

I-laser.Owona mandla aphezulu okukhutshwa kwe-laser ye-6.45 um ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.53 ​​W kunye nobubanzi be-pulse malunga ne-42ns kuphindaphindo lokuphindaphinda kwe-10 kHz, kwaye inomgangatho obalaseleyo we-beam. Lo msebenzi ubonisa ukuba i-laser yindlela esebenzayo yokukhutshwa kwe-tissuc yokwenene, njengoko isebenza njenge-laser scalpel.Ukusetwa kovavanyo kuzotywe kumfanekiso we-1.I-ZGP-OPO impontshwa yi-LD-ipumped eyenziwe ekhaya 2.09 um Ho:YAG laser ehambisa i-28 W yombane ophakathi kwi-10 kHz. I-FWHM) kunye ne-avareji yomgangatho we-beam ye-M2 emalunga ne-1.7.MI kunye ne-M2 zizibuko ezimbini ze-45 ezine-coating ebonisa kakhulu kwi-2.09 um. ,f2=100 mm) zisetyenziselwa ukungqubana komqadi kunye nedayamitha ye-beam emalunga ne-3.5 mm kwikristale ye-ZGP.I-isolator ye-optical (ISO) isetyenziselwa ukuthintela umqa wempompo obuyela kumthombo wempompo oyi-2.09. (HWP) kwi-2.09 um isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-polarization yokukhanya kwempompo.M3 kunye ne-M4 zizibuko ze-OPO ze-OPO, ezine-flat CaF2 esetyenziswa njenge-substrate material.Isibuko sangaphambili se-M3 si-anti-reflection coated (98%) Umqadi kunye ne-high-reflection coated (98%) ye-6.45 um idler kunye ne-3.09 um amaza omqondiso.um kunye ne-3.09 um kwaye ivumela usasazo oluyinxenye lwe-6.45 um idler.Ikristale ye-ZGP isikwe ku-6-77.6 ° andp = 45 ° kuhlobo-JⅡ isigaba sokumatanisa 【2090.0 (o) 6450.0 (o)+3091.9 (e)】, efanelekileyo ngakumbi kwi-aveleng ye-narrowing ye-aveli kunye ne-aveli ye-aveli ye-aveli Ububanzi bomgca xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo-I isigaba esihambelanayo. Imilinganiselo ye-crystal ye-ZGP yi-5mm x 6 mm x 25 mm, kwaye igudisiwe kwaye i-anti-reflection igqunywe kwiinkalo zombini eziphelweni zamaza amathathu angasentla. igxininiswe kwisitya sokushisa sobhedu ngokupholisa kwamanzi (T = 16) .Ubude bomgodi yi-27 mm. Ixesha lokuya nokubuya kwe-OPO yi-0.537 ns ye-laser yepompo.Sivavanye umda womonakalo wekristale ye-ZGP nge-R -on-I indlela 【17】.Umda womonakalo wekristale ye-ZGP ulinganiswe ukuba yi-0.11 J/cm2 kwi-10 kHz.kuvavanyo, oluhambelana noxinano lwamandla oluphezulu lwe-1.4 MW / cm2, ephantsi ngenxa umgangatho ophantsi wokwaleka.Amandla emveliso yokukhanya okwenziwayo ongasebenziyo alinganiswa ngemitha yamandla (D, OPHIR, 1 uW ukuya kwi-3 W), kwaye ubude bokukhanya komqondiso bujongwa nge-spectrometer (APE, 1.5-6.3 m). ukufumana amandla aphezulu emveliso ye-6.45 um, siphucula uyilo lweeparamitha ze-OPO. Ukulinganisa kwamanani kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwithiyori yokuxuba amaza amathathu kunye ne-paraxial propagation cquations 【24,25】; kukulinganisa, thina sebenzisa iiparamitha ezihambelana neemeko zovavanyo kwaye ucinge i-pulse yegalelo kunye neprofayili yeGaussian kwisithuba kunye nexesha.Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesibuko semveliso ye-OPO

Ukuhanjiswa, ukunyanzeliswa kwamandla epompo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphuculwe ngokuphatha ingxinano yempompo yempompo kumngxunya ukuze kuphunyezwe amandla aphezulu okuphuma ngelixa kwangaxeshanye uphepha umonakalo kwikristale yeZGP kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo. W ye-ZGP-OPO ukusebenza. Iziphumo ezifanisiweyo zibonisa ukuba ngelixa i-coupler yesiphumo esisisona esinokuhanjiswa kwe-50% sisetyenziswa, elona qondo liphezulu loxinzelelo lwamandla yi-2.6 x 10 W/cm2 kuphela kwi-ZGP ukukhala-tal, kunye ne-avareji yamandla emveliso. Ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 W inokufumaneka.Umfanekiso we-2 ubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla okulinganisa okuphumayo kwi-idler kwi-6.45 um kunye negunya lempompo yesiganeko.Inokubonwa kwi-Fig.2 ukuba amandla okuphuma kwe-idler ayanda ngokukhawuleza kunye Umda wempompo uhambelana nomndilili wamandla wempompo oyi-3.55WA ubuninzi bamandla aphumayo angasebenziyo we-1.53 ​​W aphunyezwe kumandla wempompo amalunga ne-18.7 W, ahambelana nempumelelo yoguqulo lwamehlo ukuya kwi-optical o.f malunga ne-8.20% kunye ne-quantum conversion cfliciency ye-25.31%.Kukhuseleko lwexesha elide, i-laser isetyenziswa kufutshane ne-70% yamandla ayo aphezulu aphuma ngaphandle. iboniswe kwi-inset (a) kwi-Fig.2.Kufunyaniswa ukuba ukuguquguquka kwamandla okulinganisiweyo kungaphantsi kwe-1.35% rms kwi-2 h, kwaye i-laser inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-500 h iyonke. ilinganiswa endaweni ye-idler ngenxa yoluhlu lwe-wavelength elinganiselweyo ye-spectrometer (APE, 1.5-6.3 um) esetyenziswe kuvavanyo lwethu.Umlinganiselo wesibonakaliso esilinganisiweyo ugxile kwi-3.09 um kunye nobubanzi bomgca malunga ne-0.3 nm, njengoko kubonisiwe. kwi-inset (b) yeFig.2.I-wavelength ephakathi ye-idler ithathwa ukuba yi-6.45um. Ububanzi be-pulse ye-idler buchongwa ngumfanekiso wesithombe (i-Thorlabs, i-PDAVJ10) kwaye irekhodwe nge-oscilloscope yedijithali (i-Tcktronix) I-oscilloscope waveform eqhelekileyo ibonisiwe kumfanekiso we-3 kwaye ibonisa ububanzi be-pulse malunga ne-42 ns.yi-41.18% incinci kwi-6.45 um idler xa ithelekiswa ne-2.09 um pump pulse ngenxa yenzuzo yexeshana ecuthayo yenkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamaza ombane angahambelaniyo. 6.45 um idler ilinganiswa ngomqadi welaser

i-analyzer (Spiricon, M2-200-PIII) kwi-1 W yamandla aphumayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig.4.Amaxabiso alinganisiweyo we-M2 kunye ne-M, i-2 yi-1.32 kunye ne-1.06 kunye ne-x axis kunye ne-y axis, ngokulandelanayo, ehambelanayo i-avareji yomgangatho we-beam ye-M2 = 1.19.I-insct ye-Fig.4 ibonisa i-two-dimensional (2D) iprofayili ye-beam intensity, enemowudi yendawo ye-Gaussian ekufutshane. ubungqina bomgaqo-siseko obubandakanya ukuchithwa kwe-laser ye-porcine brain iyenziwa.I-f = 50 lens isetyenziselwe ukugxila kwi-6.45 um pulse beam ukuya kwi-radius esinqeni malunga ne-0.75 mm. ibekwe kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo i-laser beam.Ubushushu bomphezulu (T) we-biological tissue njengomsebenzi wendawo ye-radial r ilinganiswa-ured by thermocamera (FLIR A615) synchronously ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha.Ubude be-irradiation yi-1 ,2,4,6,10,kunye ne-20s kwi-laser yamandla ka-I W.Kubude bexesha ngalinye lokukhanya,izithuba ezintandathu zesampulu ziyalahlwa:r=0,0.62,0.703,1.91,3.05, kunye ne-4.14 mm ecaleni kolwalathiso lwe-radial ngokubhekiselele kwindawo esembindini yendawo yokukhanya, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig.5.Izikwere yidatha yobushushu obulinganisiweyo.Ifumaneka kwi-Fig.5 ukuba ubushushu bomhlaba kwindawo yokukhupha i-ablation kwi-tissue yonyuka ngokunyuka kwexesha lokukhupha i-irradiation.Awona maqondo obushushu aphezulu T kwindawo ephakathi r = 0 yi-132.39,160.32,196.34;

205.57,206.95, kunye ne-226.05C ngexesha lokukhanya kwe-1,2,4,6,10, kunye ne-20 s, ngokulandelelana. ithiyori ye-thermal conduction ye-biological tissue126】 kunye nethiyori yokusasazwa kwelaser kwizicubu zebhayoloji 【27】 idityaniswe neeparamitha zokubona kwiporcine brain 1281.
Ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngengqikelelo yegalelo le-Gaussian beam. Ekubeni izicubu zebhayoloji ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-exper-iment zizimele zodwa izicubu zobuchopho ze-porcine, impembelelo yegazi kunye nemetabolism kwiqondo lobushushu ayihoywa, kwaye izicubu zobuchopho ze-porcine zenziwe lula Ubume be-cylinder ye-simula-tion.Iiparamitha ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa zishwankathelwe kwiThebhile 1.Ii-curves eziqinileyo eziboniswe kwi-Fig.5 ziyimilinganiselo yokusabalalisa ukushisa kwe-radial ngokubhekiselele kwiziko lokukhupha kwi-tissue surface kwi-irradiation ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo. ubude.Babonisa iphrofayili yobushushu beGaussian ukusuka kwiziko ukuya kwi-periphery.Kuyabonakala ukusuka kwi-Fig.5 ukuba idatha yovavanyo i-grce kakuhle kunye neziphumo ezifanisiweyo.Kwakhona kubonakala kwi-Fig.5 ukuba ubushushu obulinganisiweyo kumbindi we indawo yokukhupha i-ablation iyanda njengoko ixesha le-irradiation linyuka kwi-irradiation nganye.Uphando lwangaphambili lubonise ukuba iiseli ezikwi-tissue zikhuselekile ngokugqibeleleyo kubushushu obungezantsi.55C, okuthetha ukuba iiseli zihlala zisebenza kwimimandla eluhlaza (T<55C) yeegophe kwiFig.5.Indawo emthubi yegophe ngalinye (55C)60C）。Inokubonwa kumfanekiso we-5 ukuba i-radii eyenziweyo yokulinganisa kwi-T = 60 ° Care0.774,0.873,0.993,1.071, 1.198 kunye ne-1.364 mm, ngokulandelelana, ixesha lokukhanya kwe-1,2,4,6, I-10, kunye ne-20s, ngelixa i-radii yokunciphisa i-ablation kwi-T=55C i-0.805,0.908,1.037,1.134,1.271, kunye ne-1.456 mm, ngokulandelelanayo.Ekuhlalutyeni isiphumo sokukhupha, i-arca eneeseli ezi-182 zifunyenwe zibe zi-182 ezifileyo. 2.394,3.098,3.604,4.509, kunye5.845 mm2 ye-1,2,4,6,10, kunye ne-20s yokukhanya, ngokulandelanayo.Ummandla onesibambiso somonakalo ufunyenwe ukuba ngu-0.003,0.0040.006,0.013,0.017,0. kunye ne-0.027 mm2.Kungabonwa ukuba i-laser ablation zones kunye neendawo zomonakalo ezibambiseneyo zanda kunye nobude be-irradiation.Sichaza i-collateral umonakalo umlinganiselo ukuba ube ngumlinganiselo wendawo yomonakalo we-collateral kwi-55C s T60C.Umlinganiselo womonakalo wesibambiso ufunyenwe ukuba 8.17%, 8.18%, 9.06%, 12.11%, 12.56%, kunye 13.94% ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okukhanya, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umonakalo owenziweyo wezicubu ezicinyiweyo uncinci.Ngoko ke, uvavanyo olubanziIdatha kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa zibonisa ukuba le compact, i-high-power, all-solid-state 6.45 um ZGP-OPO laser inikezela ngokuchithwa okusebenzayo kwezicubu ze-biological. I-MIR pulsed i-6.45 um umthombo we-laser esekelwe kwindlela ye-ns ZGP-OPO.Ubukhulu bomndilili wamandla we-1.53 ​​W ifunyenwe ngamandla aphakamileyo we-3.65kW kunye ne-avareji ye-beam yomgangatho we-M2=1.19.Usebenzisa le 6.45 um MIR imitha, a Uvavanyo lobungqina bomgaqo-siseko kwi-laser ablation ye-tissue yenziwa.Ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa kwi-tissue ye-ablated surface kulinganiswe ngovavanyo kunye nokulinganisa ngokwethiyori.Idatha elinganisiweyo ivumelane kakuhle neziphumo ezifanisiweyo.Ngaphezu koko, umonakalo owenziweyo uhlalutyelwe ngokwethiyori. okokuqala ezi ziphumo ziqinisekisa ukuba i-tabletop yethu ye-MIR pulse laser kwi-6.45 um ibonelela ngokukhutshwa okusebenzayo kwe-biological tissucs kwaye inamandla amakhulu okuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo kwisayensi yezonyango kunye nebhayoloji, njengoko inokungena endaweni ye-FEL enkulu njenge.i-laser scalpel.